False pretences 诈骗罪

怀着欺骗意图，以捏造虚假事实的方式，非法获取他人金钱、财物、商品或其它有价物的犯罪行为。美国各州立法规定，构成诈骗罪一般包括下列特征：1. 有欺诈的意图；2. 对既存事实作虚假陈述；3. 用虚假陈述实施欺诈。虚假陈述亦包括用行为暗示或隐瞒应当说明的情况。根据被诈骗物品的价值，这一制定法上的犯罪为轻罪或重罪。美国《模范刑法典》〔Model Penal Code〕规定，行为人故意欺骗而获得他人财产的行为构成欺骗盗窃罪〔theft by deception〕。英国也有类似变化，诈骗获得财产罪〔obtaining property by false pretenses〕已被不诚实欺骗获得财产罪〔dishonestly obtaining property by deception〕所取代。对于不同情节的犯罪行为规定了不同的量刑标准，并作出了关于法人犯罪、支票诈骗的规定。诈骗罪可作为免除破产责任的例外。

Under common law, a defendant commits the crime of false pretenses when by making an intentional statement with intent to defraud the victim he obtains title to the personal property of the victim. For a defendant to be convicted of this crime, the intentional false statement he makes to the victim must reference a past or present fact or event, a false statement regarding the future or some sort of future promise would not suffice to satisfy that element of the crime. False pretenses differs from larceny in that title, and not just possession of the victim's personal property is obtained by the defendant. 以下为相关例句，可供参考：

例句1

False pretenses is a statutory offense in most jurisdictions; subject matter covered by statute varies accordingly, and is not necessarily limited to tangible personal property - some statutes include intangible personal property and services.

在大多数司法管辖区，诈骗罪是一种法定犯罪；法规所涵盖的主题也相应地有所不同，不一定局限于有形的个人财产——有些法规包括无形的个人财产和服务。

例句2

Under common law, false pretense is defined as a representation of a present or past fact, which the thief knows to be false, and which he intends will and does cause the victim to pass title of his property. That is, false pretense is the acquisition of title from a victim by fraud or misrepresentation of a material past or present fact.

根据普通法，诈骗罪被定义为对现在或过去的事实的陈述，即小偷知道这是诈骗，但他打算并将确实导致受害者转移他的财产所有权。也就是说，诈骗罪是通过欺诈或对过去或现在的重要事实的虚假陈述从受害者处获得所有权。