《元照英美法词典》将“circumstantial evidence”译为“情况证据;间接证据”,指基于常识可以合理地从中推断出待证事实的情况或事实,而并非个人亲身经历或亲眼所见的事实。也指除证人证言以外的其他形式的证据。在无直接证据的情况下,与待证事实有关联性的间接证据可以被采纳。比如,就故意歧视而言,“circumstantial evidence”可能包括可疑的时机、含有歧义的表述、差别待遇、私人恩怨以及其他可能合理推断出故意歧视的证据。
例句:
原文:
In a prosecution under this chapter, circumstantial evidence may be presented to demonstrate that a false statement or claim was knowingly made. Such evidence may include but shall not be limited to the following circumstances:
(1) Where a claim for a health care payment is submitted with the person's actual, facsimile, stamped, typewritten, or similar signature on the form required for the making of a claim for health care payment; and
(2) Where a claim for a health care payment is submitted by means of computer billing tapes or other electronic means if the person has advised the health care payer in writing that claims for health care payment will be submitted by use of computer billing tapes or other electronic means.
(RCW 48.80.040 - Use of circumstantial evidence)
译文:
在根据本章提起的诉讼中,可以提供间接证据证明是故意作出虚假陈述或故意提出索赔。所述证据可能包括但不得局限于以下情况:
(1) 提交医疗费用索赔时,提出医疗费用索赔所需的表格上显示了该人的实际签名、摹样签名、盖章签名、打印签名或类似签名;和
(2) 医疗费用索赔是通过计算机计费磁带或其他电子方式提交的,前提是该人已通过书面方式告知医疗费用支付方,其将通过计算机计费磁带或其他电子方式提交医疗费用索赔。